How does dark energy affect galaxies? It acts on the largest scales — between clusters and voids — but not within galaxies. In the Energy-Flow Cosmology (EFC) framework, this distinction becomes artificial.

It acts on the largest scales — between clusters and voids — but not within galaxies. In the Energy-Flow Cosmology (EFC) framework, this distinction becomes artificial.

How does dark energy affect galaxies?

Morten Magnusson 6. November 2025

In standard cosmology, dark energy is described as a uniform background force that accelerates the expansion of...

Why Energy-Flow Cosmology Explains So Many Cosmic Phenomena Energy-Flow Cosmology (EFC) unifies six independent observation classes—from galaxy rotation curves to the cosmic microwave background—under a single thermodynamic principle.

Energy-Flow Cosmology (EFC) unifies six independent observation classes—from galaxy rotation curves to the cosmic microwave background—under a single thermodynamic principle.

Why Energy-Flow Cosmology Explains So Many Cosmic Phenomena

Morten Magnusson 5. November 2025

Energy-Flow Cosmology (EFC) unifies six independent observation classes—from galaxy rotation curves to the cosmic microwave background—under a...

The Energy Flow Theory: A Thermodynamic Foundation for Cosmology

Morten Magnusson 3. November 2025

The Energy Flow Theory – In physics, everything that exists moves — not randomly, but in patterned...