In standard cosmology, dark energy is described as a uniform background force that accelerates the expansion of...
Hubble Tension
Energy-Flow Cosmology (EFC) unifies six independent observation classes—from galaxy rotation curves to the cosmic microwave background—under a...
For more than a century, the speed of light has been treated as the ultimate constant of...
In modern cosmology, the expansion of the universe is often attributed to a mysterious cosmological constant —...
The James Webb Space Telescope has revealed massive, mature galaxies existing far earlier than the ΛCDM model...